The 19-year-old wildcard repaid the faith shown in him by tournament organisers by hammering down 13 aces on his way to victory over in just 50 minutes.
At 6-foot-6, one of the tallest players on tour, the 19-year-old Querrey never allowed Goldstein to get a foothold in the match and broke the world number 73 four times.
Querrey, who climbed more than 600 places in the rankings in 2006 and entered this week at number 92, broke in the sixth and eighth games to take the first set.
Goldstein was constantly under pressure on his serve and the writing was on the wall when he was broken in the fourth game of the second set.
Querrey then broke again and served out to set up an intriguing clash with Roddick, the winner in San Jose in 2004 and 2005.
In other matches, Ivo Karlovic, the tallest player on tour at 6-foot-10, reached round two with a 6-3, 7-6 win over Guillermo Garcia-Lopez of Spain.
Dane Kristian Pless, Simon Greul of Germany and Yen-Hsun Lu of Taipei all clinched first-round victories.
