Oleksander Gladky, 19, opened the scoring by converting a pass from Serhiy Nazarenko in the 30th minute. Ruslan Rotan made certain of victory when he added the second goal following a 65th-minute corner.
Uzbekistan pulled a goal back in injury time when Alexander Geinrikh struck from long range.
Most eyes were fixed on Shevchenko, who has been kept out of Chelsea's team this season by a back problem.
The striker showed no sign of his injury, playing for 55 minutes and getting in several attempts on goal.
The match was Ukraine's final warm-up ahead of next month's Euro 2008 qualifiers against Georgia and Italy.
Ukraine are fourth in Group B qualifying, behind France, Italy and Scotland.
