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n[N>b{ A§H$
A·Vy>]a 6
Q>m{Zr ãb{`a OëX hs o\$a ^maV Am`|J{
n]«nQe àYmZ_§Ìs Qm{Zs ãb{`a OëX hs ^maV H$s [yU© amOH$s` `mÌm [a Am`|J{ &
H$í_ra-AZ§VZmJ _| odñ\$m{Q>,3 OdmZ ehrX
Oå_y-H$í_sa H${ AZ§VZmJ nOb{ _| eoZdma gw]h EH$ enº$embs ndñ\$m{Q _| g{Zm H${ VsZ OdmZ _ma{ J`{ $&
àYmZ_§Ìs Z{ _O]yVr g{ aIm ^maV H$m [j
àYmZ_§Ìs AQb n]hmas dmO[{`s Z{ eoZdma oX„r _| o]«oQ>e àYmZ_§Ìr Q>m{Zr ãb{`a g{ [mnH$ñVmZ H$m Zm_ nbE n]Zm H$S{ eãXm| _| A[Zr ]mV H$hr $&
^rI _m§JZ{ H$m{ _O]ya h¡ H$í_ra H$m oejH$
Oå_y-H$í_sa _| AmV§H$dmnX`m§{H${ ^` g{ dhm§ H${ EH$ ñH$yb H${ àmMm`© H$s Zm¡H$as Nm{S H$a Am`m EH$ A§Ym ì`nº$ _.[«. H{$ gmJa nOb{ _| ^sI _m§J H$a OsdZ JwOma ahm h¡ &
oÌ[wam _| 5 AmoXdmog`m| H$s hË`m
nÌ[wam _| Z{eZb nb]a{eZ \«$§Q Am\$ nÌ[wam H${ C½m«dmnX`m{§ Z{ AbJ-AbJ KQZmAm{§ _| Xm{ Z{VmAm{§ gnhV [m§M AmnXdmng`m{§ H$s Jm{bs _maH$a hË`m H$a Xs &
C.à.-odÚmb`m| H{$ Zm_ [a H$am{S>m| H$m Km{Q>mbm
CËVa àX{e _| e¡njH$ X¥nï g{ n[NS{ Aë[g§»`H$ ]hwëm j{Ìm{§ H${ àmWn_H$ Am¡a CÀM àmWn_H$ ndÚmb`m{§ H$s ñWm[Zm `m{OZm _| H$am{Sm{§ é[`{ H$s ndËVs` AnZ`_VVm H$m _m_bm àH$me _| Am`m h¡ &
ãb{`a-dmO[{`r H$s ]mVMrV hþB©
o]«Q>{Z H{$ àYmZ_§Ìr Q>m{Zr ãb{`a H$s eoZdma H$s gw]h oX„r _| àYmZ_§Ìr AQ>b o]hmar dmO[{`r H{$ gmW ]mVMrV hþB©$& ]mX _| Xm{Zm| Z{VmAm| Z{ EH$ g§`wº$ à{g H$m§\«|$g H$m{ g§]m{oYV oH$`m $&
M¡ÞB© _| Oharbr eam] [rZ{ g{ 11 _a{
Vo_bZmSw> H$s amOYmZr M{ÞB© _| H$m{Sw>a H$m°bm{Zr _| eoZdma H$m{ VS>H{$ Oharbr eam] H{$ [rZ{ g{ 11 ì`oº$`m| H$s _m¡V hm{ JB© VWm 10 AÝ` ]r_ma hm{ JE$&
[§Om]-hna`mUm _| YmZ H$s oaH$m°S>© IarXr
[§Om] Am¡a hna`mUm _| YmZ H$s IarX _| CN>mb Am J`m h¡ Am¡a _m¡OyXm éI H{$ AZwgma Bg ]ma Hw$b IarX H$m EH$ Z`m naH$mS>© ]ZZ{ H$s g§^mdZm h¡$&
A·Vy>]a 5
[moH$ñVmZ h_ma{ [ÌH$ma H$m{ Nw>Sdm`{-ãb{`a
o]«Q>{Z H{$ àYmZ_§Ìr Q>m{Zr ãb{`a Z{ em_ Mma K§Q{ H${ Xm¡a{ [a Bñbm_m]mX [hþ§MZ{ [a [moH$ñVmZ H$s gaH$ma g{ Bg [ÌH$ma H$s nahmB© _| _XX H${ nb`{ H$hm h¡ &
n]hma ]§X H{$ Xm¡amZ [ÌH$mam| [a h_b{
n]hma l_Osds [ÌH$ma `ynZ`Z Z{ n]hma ]§X H${ Xm¡amZ ewH«$dma H$m{ [rQ>rAmB© H${ [Q>Zm ã`yam{ à_wI A_a H$m§V AmMm`m© VWm ^mfm H${ dnað g§dmXXmVm H$dsÝÐ Zmam`U lsdmñVd [a hwE h_b{ H$s H$Ss nZÝXm H$s h¡ &
^maV g{ Ny>Q>m CJ«dmXr emo_b Wm A_{naH$m [a h_b{ _|
AmV§H$dmXs e{I C_a oOg{ oXg§]a 1999 _| ^maV Z{ H$§Yma _| ahm oH$`m Wm dh ^r Ý`y`mH$© Am¡a dmne§JQZ _| 11ngVå]a H${ AmV§H$dmXs h_bm{§ _| emn_b Wm &
qgoY`m od_mZ hmXg{ H$s Om§M na[m{Q>© 2 _hrZ{ _|
H|$Ð gaH$ma Z{ CËVa àX{e _| _¡Z[was H${ nZH$Q 30 ogV§]a H$m{ hwB© nH$§J E`a gs-90 nd_mZ XwK©QZm H$s Om§M H${ nbE gn_nV H$m ewH«$dma H$m{ ndnYdV JRZ H$a nX`m $&
"^maV H$s gwajm A_{naH$m H{$ Ü`mZ _| h¡ '
^maV _| A_asH$m H${ amOXyV am]Q© ãb¡H$ndb Z{ ewH«$dma H$m{ ZB© oX„r _| gm\$Vm¡a [a H$hm nH$ CZH$m X{e [mnH$ñVmZ H${ nbE E{gm H$m{B© H$X_ Zht CRm`{Jm nOgg{ ^maV H$s gwajm H$m{ Am§M AmVs hm{ &
^m{[mb _| a¡qJJ H{$ S>a g{ ^mJ ah{ h¢ N>mÌ
^m{[mb pñWV X{e H${ ànVnðV j{Ìs` B§OsnZ`na§J H$mb{O _m¡bmZm AmOmX àm¡Úm{nJH$s _hmndÚmb` (E_EgsQs ) H${ hmñQb g{ odJV X{a amV gm¡ g{ AnYH$ OynZ`a NmÌm{§ Z{ ^mJZ{ H$m à`mg oH$`m $&
Mmam Km{Q>mb{ H$s gwZdmB© PmaI§S> ñWmZm§VnaV
CÀMV_ Ý`m`mb` Z{ bmby àgmX `mXd H${ nIbm\$ ]hwMnM©V Mmam Km{Qmb{ g{ g§]Õ g^s _m_b{ [QZm CÀM Ý`m`mb` g{ am§Ms H$s nde{f AXmbV _| ñWmZm§VnaV H$aZ{ H$m nZX}e nX`m h¡ &
amOJ H$m o]hma ]§X Xm{[ha VH$ em§oV[yU©
n]hma _| _wOâ\$a[wa [wnbg \$m`na§J Am¡a amÁ` _| ]TV{ A[haU VWm AÝ` Ádb§V _wÔm{§ H$m{ b{H$a amOJ H${ AmôdmZ [a ewH«$dma H$m{ Am`m{oOV n]hma ]§X H{$ Xm{[ha VH$ em§oV[yU© T>>§J g{ MbZ{ H$s I]a h¡ $&
o]«Q>{Z ]Zm g§.am.H$s AmV§H$dmX odam{Yr go_oV H$m AÜ`j
n]«Q{Z H$m{ g§`wº$ amï gwajm [nafX H$s ZdJnRV AmV§H$dmX ndam{Ys gn_nV H$m AÜ`j ]Zm`m J`m h¡ &
[moH$ñVmZ H$m{ A_{naH$s àoV]§Ym| _| Am¡a T>rb
A_asH$s gsZ{Q Z{ [mnH$ñVmZ H$m{ ghm`Vm X{Z{ H$s nXem _| nZUm©`H$ H$X_ CRmV{ hwE CgH${ nIbm\$ bJ{ H$wN Am¡a ànV]§Ym{§ H$m{ CRmZ{ H$s _§Oyas X{ Xs
h¡ &
A·Vy>]a 4
AmV§H$dmoX`m| Z{ ê$g H$m od_mZ oJam`m
BOamBb H{$ à_wI eha V{bAdr] g{ CS>mZ ^aZ{ H{$ ]mX ê g H{$ EH$ `mÌr od_mZ H{$ g_wÐ (]„¡H$ gr ) _| oJa OmZ{ g{ Cg_| gdma g^r 64 `moÌ`m| H{$ _ma{ OmZ{ H$s I]a h¡ $&
H$í_ra-Z{H$m§ Z{Vm gohV 13 _a{
H$í_sa KmQs _| ]wYdma amV g{ àX{e _| gËVmê T Z{eZb H$m§\«$|g H${ EH$ Z{Vm, VsZ g¡nZH$m{§ Am¡a gmV AmV§H$dmnX`m{§ gnhV 13 bm{J _ma{ JE &
PmaI§S> _| S>rg[r gohV 3 [wobg H$o_©`m| H$s _m¡V
PmaI§S H{$ JTdm nOb{ _| Jwédma H$m{ ]mê Xs gwa§J H${ ndñ\$m{Q _| [wnbg C[mYsjH$ A_b{e H$w_ma g_{V H$_ g{ H$_ VsZ [wnbgH$n_©`m{§ H$s _m¡V hm{ J`s &
g]Z{ CXmgr g{ odXm oH$`m ñd."_hmamO ' H$m{
"_hb CXmg Am¡a Jnb`m§ gyZt ,Mw[-Mw[ h¡§ Xsdma| ' ½dmnb`a Am¡a Amg [mg H${ j{Ìm{§ g{ bmIm{§ H$s g§»`m _| Am`{ ZmJnaH$m| H$m{ g_{Q>{ ½dmob`a eha H$m ZOmam Jwédma H$m{ Hw$N> E{gm hr Wm$&
ñd.qgoY`m H$m [moW©d eara [§MVËd _| odbrZ
H$m§½m«{g H${ dnað Z{Vm Am¡a bm{H$g^m _| nd[j H${ C[Z{Vm _mYd amd ng§nY`m H$s [mnW©d X{h Jwédma H$m{ ½dmob`a amO_hb H{$ N>Var [naga _| [§MVËd _| ndbsZ hm{ J`s &
od_mZ A[haU _m_b{ H$s Om§M hm{Jr
gaH$ma Cg " PyRs gyMZm ' H$s NmZ]sZ H$am`{Js nOgH${ MbV{ hSH$å[ _M J`m nH$ Ebm`§g E`a H$s _w§]B© g{ nXëbs Am ahs CSmZ H$m A[haU H$a nb`m J`m h¡ &
_m{Xr ^mO[m odYm`H$ Xb H{$ Z{Vm MwZ{ J`{
JwOamV _| ^maVs` OZVm [mQu ndYm`H$ Xb Z{ Jwédma H$m{ [mQu H${ amïs` _hmgnMd Za|Ð _m{Xs H$m{ gd©gå_nV g{ ndYm`H$ Xb H$m Z`m Z{Vm MwZ
nb`m &
AmV§H$dmX o_Q>mZ{ o]«Q>{Z H$m ^maV H$m{ g_W©Z
^maV H{$ odX{e _§Ìr Ogd§V qgh g{ _wbmH$mV H{$ ]mX o]«Q>{Z H{$ àYmZ_§Ìr Q>m{Zr ãb{`a Z{ H$í_ra gohV XwoZ`m g{ AmV§H$dmX g_má H$aZ{ H{$ ^maV H{$ [hby H$m g_W©Z oH$`m h¡ $&
od_mZ A[haU S>m_m H$m [Q>mj{[
^mas g§e` Am¡a A\$amV\$as _| Ebm`§g E`a H${ nd_mZ A[haU H$m§S H$m Cg g_` gwIX [Qmj{[ hm{ J`m O] A[haU H$s gmas gyMZm JbV\$h_s [a AmYmnaV nZH$bs &
_w§]B© H{$ hdmB© AÈ>{ H$s gwajm H$s g_rjm
_w§]B© g{ nXëbs OmZ{ dmb{ EbmB§g E`a nd_mZ H${ A[haU H${ ZmQH$s` àH$aU H${ ]mX _w§]B© H${ [wnbg Am`wº$ E_ EZ ng§h Z{ _w§]B© H{$ hdmB© AÈ{ H$s gwajm H$s g_sjm H$s h¡ &
A·Vy>]a 3
[moH$ñVmZ Z{ odX{er [ÌH$mam| H$m{ M{Vm`m
[mnH$ñVmZ Z{ A[Z{ X{e _| H$m_ H$a ah{ ndX{er [ÌH$mam{§ H$m{ gM{V nH$`m h¡ nH$ d{ JbV na[m{nQ©§J g{ ]M| Am¡a H$m{B© I]a X{Z{ g{ [hb{ VÏ`m{§ H$m{ Om§M b| &
[moH$ñVmZ Vmob]mZ g{ [„m PmS>Z{ H{$ _yS> _|
[mnH$ñVmZ H${ amï[nV OZab [ad{O _wea©\$ A\$JmnZñVmZ _| gËVmê T Vmnb]mZ g{ [ëbm PmSZm MmhV{ h¢ $&
ñd.qgoY`m H{$ A§oV_ g§ñH$ma H$s V¡`mna`m§ [yat
½dmob`a _| Xm{ oXZ g{ hm{ ahr bJmVma ]mnae H{$ H$maU Jwédma gw]h gmT>{ 9 ]O{ hm{Z{ dmb{ ñdJu` _mYd amd qgoY`m H{$ A§oV_ g§ñH$ma H$s V¡`mna`m§ [a Aga [S>m h¡ $&
H{$ew^mB© Z{ amÁ`[mb H$m{ BñVr\$m gm¢[m
JwOamV H{$ ZmamO _w»`_§Ìr Z{ ]wYdma Xm{[ha ]mX amÁ`[mb gw§Xa qgh ^§S>mar H$m{ A[Zm BñVr\$m gm¢[ oX`m $&
[moH$ñVmZ H$m{ bmX{Z H{$ oIbm\$ g]yV X{Jm A_{naH$m
[mnH$ñVmZ CZ MwnZ§Xm X{em{§ _| g{ EH$ h¡ nOg{ A_asH$m A[Z{ `hm§ hwE h_bm{§ _| Am{gm_m n]Z bmX{Z H$s nbáVm Am¡a CgH${ Z{QdH$© g{ g§]Ys g]yV H$s ì`m[H$ Am¡a àË`j ê [ g{ OmZH$mas C[bãY H$am`{Jm &
H$í_ra _| AmV§H$dmX [a A_{naH$m H$m AmídmgZ
^maV H${ ndX{e _§Ìs Ogd§V ng§h Z{ H$hm h¡ nH$ Oå_y-H$í_sa _| AmV§H$dmX [a A§H$we bJmZm A_asH$m H$s AmV§H$dmX ndam{Y _wnh_ _| [yas Vah emn_b h¡§ &
H$b Jm§Yr O`§Vr Wr ...Am¡a h_ CÝh| ^yb J`{
oH$gr ]S>{ AmX_r Ûmam _më`m[©U H{$ obE ha gmb Jm§Yr Or H$s Bg Vah PmS>-[m|N> H$s OmVr h¡ $&
H{$ew^mB© [Q>{b d Za|Ð _m{Xr H{$ ]rM gwbh !
JwOamV _| _w»`_§Ìs H${ew^mB© [Q{b H${ CËVamnYH$mas H$m M`Z ]wYdma H$m{ Jm§YrZJa _| hm{ ahs amÁ` ^maVs` OZVm [mQu ndYm`H$ Xb H$s ]¡RH$ _| nb`m OmEJm &
JwOamV H{$ H$ÀN> j{Ì _| ^yH§$[ H{$ PQ>H{$
JwOamV H${ H$ÀN BbmH${ _| ]wYdma gw]h ^yH$§[ H${ hëH${ PQH${ _hgyg nH$`{ J`{ & BgH$s Vsìm«Vm na"Qa [¡_mZ{ [a 4.1 _m[s J`s &
\$bñVrZr ]§XyH$Ymna`m| Z{ BOamBob`m| H$m{ ]§YH$ ]Zm`m
[nü_ Ene`m _| JmOm [Ås _| \$bñVsZs ]§XyH$Ymna`m{§ Z{ EH$ `hyXs ]ñVs _| KwgH$a Xm{ BOam`bs ZmJnaH$m{§ H$s hË`m H$a Xs Am¡a H$wN bm{Jm§{ H$m{ ]§YH$ ]Zm nb`m &
- ]m§JbmX{e- gÎmmê$T> Adm_r [mQ>u hmar
- ]we -AmV§H$dmX odam{Yr H$m`©dmhr _| "àJoV'
A·Vy>]a 1
H$í_ra od.g.H{$ àd{e Ûma [a ndñ\$m{Q>,23 _a{
lsZJa _| Oå_y-H$í_sa ndYmZg^m ^dZ H${ _w»` àd{e Ûma [a
gm{_dma A[amÝh H$ma ]_ ndñ\$m{Q _| 23 bm{J _ma{ J`{ Am¡a H$B©
Km`b hm{ J`{ &
JwOamV _| Bg gmb o\$a ^rfU Ob g§H$Q>
àmH$¥nVH$ Am[XmAm{§ H${ nbE An^eá JwOamV n[Nb{ Mma dîmm{§©§ _|
Mma Am[XmAm{§ g{ OyPZ{ H${ ]mX Bg df© J§^sa Ob g§H$Q H$m gm_Zm
H$a{Jm &
"Á`m{oVamoXË` H$m{ OZg{dm Vm{ H$aZr hr [S>{Jr '
"_¢ JaXZ nhbZ{ H$s AdñWm VH$ H$wgu g{ nM[H${ ahZm Zht MmhVm &
_{am _mZZm h¡ nH$ EH$ C_« H${ ]mX Z{VmAm{§ H$m{ ñd`§ hs naQm`a hm{
OmZm MmnhE Am¡a `wdm [sTs H$m{ AmJ{ AmZ{ H$m _m¡H$m nX`m OmZm
MmnhE & '
CÎmar _.à._| ahm ñdKm{ofV ]§X
bm{H$g^m _| nd[j H${ C[Z{Vm Am¡a dnað H$m§½m«{g Z{Vm _mYdamd
ng§nY`m H${ nZYZ H$s I]a g{ J_JsZ CZH${ J¥h amÁ` _.à. H{$ H${
CÎmas nhñg{ _§{ ½dmnb`a Am¡a Cgg{ bJ{ AÝ` nObm{§ _| gm{_dma H$m{
A[Z{ Am[ ]§X H$s nñWnV ahs &
h_b{ H$s Ame§H$m g{ H$amMr e{`a ]mOma Qy>Q>m
A\$JmnZñVmZ [a A_asH$m H${ OëXs hs h_bm ]m{bZ{ H$s A\$dmhm{§
g{ H$amMs e{`a ]mOma _| gm{_dma H$m{ ]Xhdmgs H${ ]sM n]H$dmbs
H$m Om{a ahZ{ g{ nJamdQ H$m éI ahm &
bIZD$ g{ oXZ H$m H$â`y© hQ>m`m J`m
bIZD$ eha H${ [wamZ{ BbmH$m{§ H${ H$â`y©½m«ñV j{Ì _| nñWnV V{Os g{
gm_mÝ` hm{Z{ H${ _Ô{ZOa gm{_dma g{ nXZ H$m H$â`y© CRm nb`m J`m h¡
[a EhnV`mV H${ Vm¡a [a amV H$m H$â`y© Omas ah{Jm &
od_mZ XwK©Q>Zm H$s CƒñVar` Om§M hm{Jr
H$m§½m«{g H${ dnað Z{Vm _mYdamd gtnÜm`m H$s oOå_{dma aoddma Xm{[ha CÎma àX{e H{$ _¡Z[war H{$ oZH$Q> hþB© nd_mZ XwK©QZm H$s Om§M H{$ AmX{e oX`{ h¡§ &
AOsV Om{Js ^r ]mb-]mb ]M{
NËVsgJT H${ _w»`_§Ìs AOsV Om{Js ^r aoddma H$m{ Cg g_` ]mb-]mb ]M JE O] CZH$m h{bsH$mßQa Iam] _m¡g_ H$s dOh g{ N>ÎmrgJT> H{$ Oe[wa nOb{ H${ ]JsMm H${ [mg Am[mV nñWnV _| CVmam J`m &
_.à. _| 3 oXZ H$m amOH$s` em{H$
½dmob`a H{$ [yd© emhr ImZXmZ H{$ oMamJ d bm{H$g^m _| H$m§J«{g H{$ C[Z{Vm _mYd amd qgoY`m H$s _m¡V H{$ ]mX _Ü` àX{e ImgH$a ½dmob`a , M§]b d ]w§X{bI§S> j{Ì _| OZ-OrdZ éH$ gm J`m h¡ $&
X{e ^a _| em{H$ H$s bha
amï>[oV H${ Ama Zmam`UZ Am¡a àYmZ_§Ìs AQb n]hmas dmO[{`s H$s AJwdmB© _| amï Z{ dnað H$m§½m«{g Z{Vm _mYd amd ng§nY`m Am¡a H$B© bm{Jm{§ H$s nd_mZ XwK©QZm _| _¥Ë`w [a Jham XwI ì`º$ oH$`m h¡ &
ñd.qgoY`m H$m A§oV_ g§ñH$ma ]wYdma H$m{
H$|ÝÐs` H$mZyZ_§Ìs AéU O{Qbs , ndO` Jm{`b Am¡a H$m§½m«{g H${ dnað Z{Vm _wH$wb dmgnZH$ ,dgs_ Ah_X Am¡a AÝ` _¥VH$m{§ H${ [naOZ edm{§ H$ m{ b{H$a gm{_dma VSH${ [mb_ hdmB© AÈ{ [a [h§wM{ &
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