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n[N>b{ A§H$
Zdå~a 9
doñQ>B§S>rO Zo ^maV go Xygam EH${Xdgr` ^r OrVm
gbm_r ~„o~mO [H«$g Job (103) Ho$ emZXma eVH$ H$s ~Xm¡bV doñQ> B§S>rO Zo ^maV H$mo Xygao EH${Xdgr` A§Vaamï´>r` [H«$Ho$Q> _¡M _| AmgmZr go gmV {dHo$Q> go ham {X`mŸ&
C.à.-am.g.Cå_rXdma gwaoe Z§Xm Zo Zm_ dmng {b`m
amÁ`g^m MwZmd _| ^mOnm Ho$ ~mJr Am¡a {ZX©br` {dYm`H$m| Ho$ Cå_rXdma gwaoe Z§Xm Zo e{Zdma H$mo AnZm Zm_ dmng bo {b`m h¡ &
MrZ H$s H$mo`bm ImZ _| {dñ\$moQ>,26 H$s _m¡V
MrZ Ho$ CËVar joÌ _| emZgr àmÝV _| EH$ H$mo`bm ImZ _| {dñ\$moQ> go 26 ImXmZ _OXyam| H$s _m¡V hmo J`rŸh¡ &
H$Va _| _Vm{YH$ma Ho$ ~mX A~ _{hbm _§Ìr
H$Va _| _{hbmAm| H$mo _Vm{YH$ma XoZo Ho$ ~mX A~ gaH$ma _| nhbr ~ma {H$gr _{hbm H$mo _§Ìr ñVa H$m nX {X`m J`m h¡Ÿ &
h[a`mUm _| ~rVr amV ^yH§$n Ho$ PQ>Ho$
h[a`mUm _§o H$b ewH«$dma H$mo Xoa amV ^yH§$n H$m hëH$m PQ>H$m _hgyg {H$`m J`mŸ& [aŠQ>a n¡_mZo na BgH$s Vrd«Vm 2.4 Am§H$s J`r h¡Ÿ &
H$m§J«ogr amhþb H$s ~Om` {à`§H$m H$mo MmhVo h¢
H$m§J«og Ho$ d[að> ZoVmAm| H$m I`mb h¡ {H$ amhþb Jm§Yr H$s ~Om` CZH$s ~hZ {à`§H$m H$m amOZr{V _| AmZm Á`mXm AÀN>m hmoVmŸ&
~m{J`m| Ho$ am.g.àË`mer Z§Xm H$s {nQ>mB©
amÁ`g^m MwZmd _| ^mOnm Ho$ ~mJr Am¡a {ZX©br` {dYm`H$m| Ho$ Cå_rXdma gwaoe Z§Xm Ho$ gmW e{Zdma H$mo amÁ` {dYmZg^m _| _manrQ> H$s JB© Ÿ&
C.à.-[JaâVma {dYm`H$ AbJ-AbJ Oob ^oOo
CËVa àXoe Ho$ {ZX©br` {dYm`H$ aKwamO àVmn qgh C\©$ amOm ^¡æ`m H$mo ~m§Xm VWm YZ§O` qgh H$mo Pm§gr Oob ^oO {X`m J`m h¡ Ÿ&
C.à._| H$m§J«og {dYm`H$ H$s H$a|Q> bJZo go _m¡V
CÎma àXoe _| H$m§J«og Ho$ {dYm`H$ Zya _mohå_X H$s e{Zdma VS>Ho$ H$a§Q> bJZo go _¥Ë`w hmo J`rŸ&
EH${Xdgr` _¡M-doñQ>B§S>rO Zo Q>m°g OrVm,J|X~mOr br
ZmJnwa Ho$ {dX^© {H«$Ho$Q> Egmo{gEgZ J«mCÊS> _| e{Zdma H$mo Xygao EH${Xdgr` _¡M Ho$ {bE doñQ>B§S>rO Zo Q>m°g OrVH$a J|X~mOr H$aZo H$m \¡$gbm {H$`mŸ&
BamH$ H$mo `wÕ go ~MZo H$m Am{Iar _m¡H$m
g§`wº$ amï´> gwajm n[afX _| BamH$ Ho$ {Ibm\$ nm[aV àñVmd _| Cgo {ZaórH$aU Ho$ {bE 15 Zd§~a VH$ H$m A§{V_ _m¡H$m {X`m
J`m h¡Ÿ&
goZm go {_J-21 {d_mZ hQ>mZo H$m \¡$gbm
XwK©Q>ZmAm| H$mo XoIVo hþE ^maVr` dm`w goZm Zo Bg gmb Ho$ A§V go {_J-21 bS>mHy$ {d_mZm| H$mo MaU~Õ T>§J go {d_mZ ~oS>o go hQ>mZo H$m \¡$gbm {b`m
h¡Ÿ &
C.à.-~‹S>m àXoe,VwÀN> amOZr{V
CÎma àXoe H$s amOZr{V _| Bg g_` {dYm`H$m| H$m nmbm-~Xb Iob Mb ahm h¡Ÿ& amV H$mo H$moB© {dYm`H$ ^mOnm Ag§Vwï>m| Ho$ gmW "{S>Za' H$aVm h¡ Vmo gw~h dh nmQ>u _hmg{Md amOZmW qgh Ho$ gmW "~«oH$\$mñQ'> H$a ahm hmoVm h¡Ÿ&
Zdå~a 8
dmOno`r {dXoe Xm¡ao go bm¡Q>o
àYmZ_§Ìr AQ>b {~hmar dmOno`r Xmo X{jU nyd© E{e`mB© Xoem| H§$~mo{S>`m Am¡a bmAmog H$s nm§M {XZ H$s `mÌm H$aZo Ho$ ~mX ewH«$dma em_ ZB© {X„r bm¡Q> AmEŸ&
C.à.-~mJr {dYm`H$m| H$mo gXñ`Vm IË_ H$aZo H$s Y_H$s
^maVr` OZVm nmQ>u H$s CËVa àXoe BH$mB© Ho$ AÜ`j {dZ` H${Q>`ma Zo H$hm h¡ {H$ {dYm`H$m| _| ~TVo Ag§Vmof H$mo X~mZo Ho$ {bE nmQ>u Hw$N> ~mJr {dYm`H$m| H$s gXñ`Vm g_má H$aZo na ^r {dMma H$a gH$Vr h¡Ÿ &
C.à.-{JaâVma {dYm`H$m| H$s {hamgV 2 _hrZm ~‹T>r
CËVa àXoe H$s ~gnm ^mOnm gaH$ma go g_W©Z dmng boZo dmbo J¢JoñQ>a EŠQ> Ho$ VhV {JaâVma {ZX©br` {dYm`H$ aKwamO àVmn qgh C\©$ amOm ^¡æ`m VWm YZ§O` qgh H$s Ý`m{`H$ {hamgV 4 OZdar VH$ ~T>m Xr J`r h¡ Ÿ&
qg{Y`m ~Zo H$m§J«og H$s Am{W©H$ emIm Ho$ g{Md
_Ü` àXoe Ho$ JwZm g§gXr` joÌ go `wdm gm§gX Á`mo{Vam{XË` qg{Y`m H$m§J«og H$s Am{W©H$ emIm Ho$ g{Md ~Zm`o J`o h¢Ÿ&
H$m§J«og Ho$ g^r _w»`_§Ìr H|$Ð go I\$m {XIo
H$m§J«og em{gV amÁ`m| Ho$ _w»`_§{Ì`m| Zo _mC§Q> Am~y gå_obZ _| EH$ ñda _| Ho$ÝÐ gaH$ma Ho$ ad¡`o H$s AmbmoMZm H$sŸ&
amhþb Jm§Yr Ho$ amOZr{V _| CVaZo Ho$ nw»Vm g§Ho$V
amhþb Jm§Yr H$mo amOZr{V _| CVmaZo Ho$ {bE H$m§J«og AÜ`j gmo{Z`m Jm§Yr Zo bJ^J nyam _Z ~Zm {b`m h¡Ÿ&
_.à.-amÁ`nmb Zo "gyMZm H$m A{YH$ma' {dYo`H$ bm¡Q>m`m
_Ü` àXoe Ho$ amÁ`nmb S>m°.^mB© _hmdra Zo "_.à.OmZH$mar àmá H$aZo H$m A{YH$ma {dYo`H$' nwZ{d©Mma Ho$ {bE {dYmZg^m H$mo dmng bm¡Q>m {X`m h¡Ÿ &
"~mbr ~_H$m§S> _| Ab-H$m`Xm H$m hmW'
BÊS>moZo{e`m Ho$ ajm _§Ìr _Vmoar AãXwb XO{bb Zo H$hm h¡ {H$ {nN>bo _hrZo ~mbr _| hþE {dñ\$moQ>m| Ho$ nrN>o Ab H$m`Xm H$m hmW h¡Ÿ &
XodXmg Am°ñH$a _| bJmZ go AmJo Om`oJr-_mYwar
{\$ë_ A{^ZoÌr _mYwar Xr{jV Zo Cå_rX OVmB© h¡ {H$ Am°ñH$a nwañH$ma Ho$ {bE Zm_m§{H$V {\$ë_ "XodXmg' {nN>bo df© H$s Zm_m§{H$V {\$ë_ bJmZ go EH$ H$X_ AmJo hr Om`oJrŸ&
ZmJnwa Ho$ _¡M _| hÿna H$m IobZm g§{X½Y
KwQ>Zo H$s MmoQ> go naoemZ doñQ>B§S>rO [H«$Ho$Q Q>r_ Ho$ >H$ámZ H$mb© hÿna H$m
e{Zdma H$mo ZmJnwa _| hmo aho Xygao EH$ {Xdgr` >_¡M _| IobZm g§{X½Y h¡Ÿ&
\$ZmªS>rg Zo MrZ `mÌm AmJo ~‹T>mB©
ajm _§Ìr OmO© \$ZmªS>rg Zo AnZr MrZ `mÌm {\$bhmb AmJo ~‹T>m Xr h¡Ÿ&
Or ~r nQ>Zm`H$ ~Zo Xoe Ho$ _w»` Ý`m`Yre
CÀMV_ Ý`m`mb` Ho$ Ý`m`mYre Jmonmb ~„^ nQ>Zm`H$ Zo AmO ewH«$dma H$mo ^maV Ho$ _w»` Ý`m`mYre H$m H$m`©^ma g§^mb {b`mŸ&
nmgdmZ-~§Jmê$ bú_U EH$ hmo aho
^mOnm H$s _wgr~V| ~‹T>Vr Om ahr h¢Ÿ& EH$ Va\$ Ohm§ H$^r gh`moJr aho am_{dbmg nmgdmZ Zo _moMm© Imobm h¡ Vmo dht nmQ>u Ho$ nyd© AÜ`j ~§Jmê$ bú_U Zo ^r nmgdmZ Ho$ gwa _| gwa {_bm {X`m h¡ Ÿ&
Oå_y H$í_ra _| ^yH§$n H$m PQ>H$m
Oå_y H$í_ra Ho$ Hw$N> joÌm| _| AmO ewH«$dma gw~h ^yH§$n H$m hëH$m PQ>H$m Am`m Ÿ&
AmZo dmbo MwZmd Ho$ {bE V¡`ma ah|-gmo{Z`m Jm§Yr
H$m§J«og AÜ`j gmo{Z`m Jm§Yr Zo H|$Ð H$s dmOno`r gaH$ma Ho$ ha _moM} na {d\$b ahZo H$m Amamon bJmVo hþE nmQ>u H$m`©H$Vm©Am| go {ZH$Q> ^{dî` _| hmoZo dmbo g^r MwZmdm| Ho$ {bE H$_a H$g H$a V¡`ma hmo OmZo H$m AmhdmZ {H$`m h¡ Ÿ&
_¡XmZ _| ~moVb Am{X bo OmZo na à{V~§Y hmo-Mm¡hmZ
{X„r Ed§ {Obm [H«$Ho$Q> Egmo{gEeZ Ho$ CnmÜ`j MoVZ Mm¡hmZ Zo O_eoXnwa _| ^maV Am¡a doñQ>B§S>rO Ho$ ~rM EH${Xdgr` _¡M Ho$ Xm¡amZ Xe©H$m| Ho$ ì`dhma na IoX àH$Q> H$aVo hþE AmO ewH«$dma H$mo H$hm {H$ ñQ>o{S>`_ n[agam| Ho$ ^rVa nmZr H$s ~moVb| Am¡a ImÚ
dñVwE§ bo OmZo na nyU© à{V~§Y bJm`m OmZm Mm{hEŸ&
H§$~mo{S>`m _| h¡ {dîUw H$m g~go ~S>m _§{Xa
{díd _| ^JdmZ {dîUw H$m g~go ~S>m _§{Xa µA§JH$moa dmQ,> H§$~mo{S>`m _| h¢ Omo ^maV Am¡a H§$~mo{S>`m Ho$ àJmT> g§~§Ymo H$m àVrH$ h¡Ÿ& `h _§{Xa e¡br _| ^maVr` h¡ bo{H$Z CgH$s `moOZm ~ZmZo Am¡a Cgo [H«$`mpÝdV H$aZo H$m H$m`© I_oa {epën`mo§ Zo {H$`mŸ&
{díd H$n {H«$Ho$Q> _| Q>rdr A§nm`a Zht hm|Jo
A§Vaamï´>r` [H«$Ho$Q> n[afX (AmB©grgr) Zo 2003 {díd H$n _| _¡Mm| H$s A§nm`[a¨J Ho$ {bE Q>obr{dOZ àm¡Úmo{JH$s H$m Cn`moJ Zht H$aZo H$m \¡$gbm {H$`m h¡Ÿ&
M{M©V O_©Z n{ÌH$m Ho$ g§ñWmnH$ H$m {ZYZ
nm§M XeH$ go ^r Á`mXm g_` go M{M©V ahr O_©Z n{ÌH$m "S>o`a {ñnJb' Ho$ g§ñWmnH$ àH$meH$ ê$S>më\$ AmJñQ>rZ H$m {Z_mo{Z`m go H$b Jwédma H$mo ~{b©Z Ho$ EH$ AñnVmb _| {ZYZ hmo J`mŸ& do 79 df© Ho$ Wo Ÿ&
Zdå~a 7
\$méI AãXw„m am.g. H$m MwZmd b‹S>|Jo
Oå_y-H$í_ra Ho$ nyd© _w»`_§Ìr S>m°. \$méI AãXw„m amÁ`g^m H$m MwZmd b‹S>|JoŸ&
AmYr hþBª ~rEgEZEb H$s am{ÌH$mbrZ B§Q>aZoQ> Xa|
^maV g§Mma {ZJ_ {b{_Q>oS (drEgEZEb) Zo B§Q>aZoQ> Ho$ {bE AmO 7 Zd§~a H$s amV go AnZr amV H$s Q>obr\$moZ H$mb Xa| gñVr H$a ahm h¡Ÿ&
JwOamV-12 Zd§.VH$ ^mOnm H$s nhbr gyMr
JwOamV _| ^maVr` OZVm nmQ>u amÁ` {dYmZ g^m H$m MwZmd bS>Zo dmbo AnZo Cå_rXdmam| H$s nhbr gyMr 12 Z§d~a VH$ Omar H$aooJrŸ&
_m`mdVr-AmS>dmUr Zo K§Q>m ^a JwâVJy H$s
CËVa àXoe H$s _w»`_§Ìr _m`mdVr Zo Jwédma em_ ZB© {X„r _| Cn àYmZ_§Ìr bmbH¥$îU AmS>dmUr Ho$ {Zdmg na OmH$a CZgo bJ^J EH$ K§Q>m ~mVMrV H$sŸ&
JwOamV-J¥h g{Md MwZmd Am`wº$ qbJXmoh go {_bo
H|$Ðr` J¥h g{Md Zo MwZmd Am`moJ H$mo JwOamV _| MwZmd Ho$ Xm¡amZ n`m©á g§»`m _| AÕ©g¡{ZH$ ~b V¡ZmV H$aZo H$m AmídmgZ {X`m h¡Ÿ&
`ed§V {gÝhm ~W© S>o ãdm>`,dmOno`r Zo ~OmBª Vm{b`m§
àYmZ_§Ìr AQ>b {~hmar dmOno`r Ho$ gmW bmAmog H$s `mÌm na Am`o {dXoe _§Ìr `ed§V {gÝhm H$s OÝ_{XZ ^maV Am¡a bmAmog Ho$ gm§ñH¥${VH$ [aíVm| na AnZr N>mn N>moS>Zo _| g\$b ahmŸ&
_wbm`_ qgh {JaâVma {dYm`H$m| go {_bo
g_mOdmXr nmQ>u Ho$ AÜ`j _wbm`_ qgh `mXd Jwédma H$mo \$é©Im~mX _| Ho$ÝÐr` H$mamJma _| ~§X {ZX©br` {dYm`H$ aKwamO àVmn qgh C\©$ amOm ^¡`m VWm YZ§O` qgh go {_bo &
BñVr\$m XoZo H$s noeH$e Zht H$s-bmbOr Q>§S>Z
^maVr` OZVm nmQ>u {dYmZ _§S>b Xb Ho$ ZoVm bmbOr Q>§S>Z Zo ZoVm nX go BñVr\$m XoZo H$s noeH$e H$aZo H$s I~am| H$m IÊS>Z {H$`m h¡ Ÿ&
_.à._| gyIm,^yI go hþB© _m¡Vm| na h§Jm_m
_Ü`àXoe {dYmZg^m _| Jwédma H$mo amÁ` Ho$ gyImJ«ñV joÌm| _| Hw$nmofU Am¡a ^yI go bmoJm| H$s H${WV _¥Ë`w H$m _m_bm Jy§OmŸ& BZ _wÔm| na {dYmZg^m H$s H$m`©dmhr H$mo ì`dYmZ H$m gm_Zm H$aZm n‹S>mŸ&
CÎmam§Mb-_w»`_§Ìr {damoYr amdV am.g. _| Om`|Jo
CËVamM§b àXoe H$m§J«og Ho$ AÜ`j hare amdV Zo amÁ`g^m MwZmd Ho$ {b`o Zm_m§H$Z nÌ X{Ib {H$`mŸ & CZHo$ amÁ`g^m _| OmZo go amÁ` Ho$ _w»`_§Ìr Zmam`U XÎm {Vdmar H$s _wgr~V| H$_ hmo§JtŸ&
C.à.-amÁ`g^m Ho$ {bE Zm¡ nM} Xm{Ib
amÁ` g^m H$s Xg grQ>m| Ho$ {bE hmo aho {Ûdm{f©H$ MwZmd _| CÎma àXoe _| A~ VH$ 9 nM} Xm{Ib {H$`o J`o h¢Ÿ&
JwOamV-A^r OZVm _| MwZmd H$m a§J Zht M‹T>m
JwOamV _| amOZr{VH$ Xb ^bo hr 12 {Xg§~a H$mo hmoZo dmbo {dYmZg^m MwZmdm| H$s V¡`m[a`m| _| OwQ> J`o hm| bo{H$Z _VXmVmAm| na A^r MwZmdr a§J Zht MT>m h¡ Ÿ&
A§gb ßbmOm _wR^o‹S> [anmoQ>© _mZdm{YH$ma Am`moJ _|
{X„r nw{bg Zo a{ddma H$mo ñWmZr` A§gb ßbmOm _| hþB© _wR>^o‹S> H$s [anmoQ>© amï´>r` _mZdm{YH$ma Am`moJ H$mo gm¢n Xr h¡ Ÿ&
"H$m§J«og A~ gXZ AÀN>o go MbZo XoJr'
bmoH$g^mÜ`j _Zmoha Omoer H$mo {dnj H$s ZoVm gmo{Z`m Jm§Yr Zo AmídmgZ {X`m h¡ {H$ CZH$s nmQ>u gXZ H$s H$m`©dmhr gwMmé Am¡a {Z~m©Y ê$n go MbZo _| nyU© gh`moJ XoJrŸ&
H$mobH$mVm _| ewê$ hþB© H¢$ga hoënbmBZ godm
Xoe Ho$ à_wI ñd¡{ÀN>>H$ g§JR>Z ^maVr` H¢$ga \$mCÊS>oeZ (grE\$AmB©) H$mobH$mVm _| ^maV H$s nhbr H¢$ga hoënbmBZ godm ewê$ H$s h¡Ÿ &
O`b{bVm-\$ZmªS>rg _wbH$mV,dmBH$mo H$s MMm© !
ajm _§Ìr d g_Vm nmQ>u Ho$ AÜ`j OmO© \$ZmªS>rg Zo AmO Jwédma H$mo V{_bZmSw> H$s _w»`_§Ìr Oo O`b{bVm go M¡Þ¡ _| _wbmH$mV H$sŸ&
C.à.-~gnm {dYm`H$ nmQ>u go {Zb§{~V
C.à._| amoO ~Xb aho amOZ¡{VH$ KQ>ZmH«$_ Ho$ ~rM Jwédma H$mo _w»`_§Ìr d ~hþOZ g_mO nmQ>u (~gnm) CnmÜ`j _m`mdVr Zo AnZo EH$ {dYm`H$ O`àH$me `mXd H$mo ~gnm go {Zb§{~V H$a {X`m h¡Ÿ&
C.à.- A~ _m`mdVr Ho$ Io_o _o§ ^r ~JmdV
CËVa àXoe H$s amOZr{V _| AmO Jwédma H$mo EH$ ZmQ>H$s` _moS> Cg g_` Am J`m O~ gaH$ma _| em{_b à_wI KQ>H$ ^mOnm Ho$ ~mX ~hþOZ g_mO nmQ>u Ho$ EH$ {dYm`H$ Zo ^r AmO nmQ>u ZoV¥Ëd go ~JmdV H$a amÁ`nmb go {dYmZg^m H$m gÌ ~wbmH$a gaH$ma
H$mo {dídmg _V àmá H$aZo H$m {ZX}e XoZo H$s _m§J H$s Ÿ&
_w§~B© _| ghH$mar ~¢H$ go 22 bmI byQ>o
_w§~B© Ho$ nydu CnZJa KmQ>H$mona _| AmO Jwédma H$mo geó bwQ>oam| Zo EH$ ghH$mar ~¢H$ go {XZ Xhm‹S>o 22 bmI én`o byQ>
{b`o Ÿ&
O~ ^maVr` Q´>oZ H$mo ~¡bm| Zo ItMm
`o Vmo Amn OmZVo h¢ {H$ ^maV _o§ g~go nhbo 1953 _| _§w~B© go WmUo Ho$ ~rM Mbr nhbr Q´>oZ H$mo ^mn Ho$ BªOZ Zo ItMm WmŸ&
{ednwar _| ~mhar Xoem| Ho$ njr Am aho h¢
_Ü`àXoe Ho$ _mYd amï´>r` CÚmZ pñWV "g§»`m gmJa' Prb _| eaX F$Vw Ho$ àma§^ hmoVo hr R>§S>o Xoem| go àdmgr n{j`m| H$m AmZm ewê$ hmo J`m h¡Ÿ&
Ah_Xm~mX _| qhgm ^‹S>>H$sŸ, N>h Km`b
JwOamV _| Ah_Xm~mX Ho$ O_mbnwa BbmHo$ _| H$b ~wYdma amV ^S>H$s qhgm _| N>h bmoJ Km`b hmo J`o Ÿ&qhgH$ ^rS> H$mo {Z`§{ÌV H$aZo Ho$ {bE nw{bg Zo Am§gy J¡g Ho$ Jmobo N>moS>o Am¡a 16 Jmo{b`m§ Mbm`t Ÿ&
hÿna {Zame hþE ^maVr` Xe©H$m| go
doñQ> B§S>rO Ho$ H$ámZ H$mb© hÿna Zo H$b ~wYdma H$mo O_eoXnwa _o §^maV Ho$ gmW Iobo JE EH${Xdgr` _¡M _| A§{V_ J|X na OrV hm{gb H$aZo Ho$ {bE AnZo ~„o~mOm| H$s H$m\$s àe§gm H$sŸ&
"{X„r H$s ~gm| _| Á`mXm {H$am`m Z dgybm Om`'
{X„r CÀM Ý`m`mb` Zo amOYmZr Ho$ n[adhZ A{YH$m[a`m| go `h gw{Z{üV H$aZo H$mo H$hm h¡ {H$ ~g `m{Ì`m| go Á`mXm {H$am`m Z dgybm Om` Ÿ&
e§H$amMm`©, Hw$_m[ab ^Å> {_bZ g_mamoh
hOmam| df© nhbo à`mJ ( A~ Bbmhm~mX) _| AmÚ OJV Jwé e§H$amMm`© Am¡a doXm| Ho$ àH$m§S> {dÛmZ Hw$$_m[ab ^Q>Q> H$s ^|Q> hþB© WrŸ&
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Zdå~a 6
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Zdå~a 5
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